Please view previous lessons for additional vocabulary and grammar.
In this lesson, you will learn an introduction to Japanese particles (specifically wa は, ni に, to と and de で). Please be on the lookout for future lessons, where we'll discuss particles further along with more grammar and sentence structure!
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http://www.japansociety.org/language_center
Summary:
particle は (와 wa) = topic marker (주격)
ex. Mary goes. = Mary-san は (wa) ikimasu.
particle に (니 ni) - place + ni = indicates direction/place (장소)
ex. Mary goes to Boston. = Mary-san は (wa) Boston に (ni) ikimasu.
particle に (니 ni) - specific time + ni = indicates specific moment in time (시간)
ex. Mary goes to Boston at 3 o'clock. = Mary-san は (wa) Boston に (ni) sanji に (ni) ikimasu.
* For relative time (ex. tomorrow, next week, last year, next month, etc.) you do not use the particle ni. Only use ni for specific time.
particle と (토 to) - with someone + to = indicates with someone (함께)
ex. Mary goes to Boston with her mother. = Mary-san は (wa) Okaasan と (to) Boston に (ni) ikimasu.
particle で (데 de) - transportation + de = indicates mode of transportation (교통수단)
ex. Mary goes to Boston on a plane. = Mary-san は (wa) hikouki で (de) Boston に (ni) ikimasu.
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